To be: am, is, are

To be nima?

to be — ingliz tilidagi eng muhim feʼl. U «boʻlmoq» degan maʼnoni beradi, lekin oʻzbek tilida koʻpincha umuman aytilmaydi yoki -man, -san, -dir qoʻshimchalari bilan ifodalanadi. Ingliz tilida esa gapda feʼl boʻlishi shart, shuning uchun «Men talabaman» gapida ham feʼl kerak: I am a student.

Hozirgi zamonda to be uch shaklda keladi: am, is, are.

I am a student.        — Men talabaman.
She is a doctor.       — U shifokor.
We are from Tashkent.  — Biz Toshkentdanmiz.
It is cold today.      — Bugun sovuq.
They are at home.      — Ular uyda.

Shakl

Tasdiq              Inkor                     Savol
I am  (I'm)         I am not  (I'm not)       Am I ...?
you are (you're)    you are not (aren't)      Are you ...?
he is  (he's)       he is not  (isn't)        Is he ...?
she is (she's)      she is not (isn't)        Is she ...?
it is  (it's)       it is not  (isn't)        Is it ...?
we are (we're)      we are not (aren't)       Are we ...?
they are (they're)  they are not (aren't)     Are they ...?

Qoida oddiy: I bilan faqat am; he, she, it va bitta narsa/odam bilan is; you, we, they va koʻplik bilan are. Masalan: My brother is a driver., My parents are teachers.

Inkor va savol

Inkor gap tuzish uchun am/is/are dan keyin not qoʻyiladi: He is not hungry. — U och emas. Ogʻzaki nutqda qisqa shakllar ishlatiladi: isn't, aren't. Eʼtibor bering: am not qisqarmaydi — I'm not deyiladi, «amn't» degan shakl yoʻq.

Savol gapda feʼl egadan oldinga chiqadi:

You are tired.     → Are you tired?     — Charchadingizmi?
She is a nurse.    → Is she a nurse?    — U hamshirami?

Qisqa javoblarda qisqartma faqat inkorda ishlatiladi: Yes, I am. / No, I'm not., Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. «Yes, I'm.» deb boʻlmaydi.

To be nimalar bilan keladi?

• Kasb: She is a teacher. (oldida a/an artikli bor!)
• Yosh: I am 15. — Men 15 yoshdaman. Ingliz tilida yosh to be bilan aytiladi, «I have 15» emas.
• Joy: The keys are on the table.
• Sifat (holat, his-tuygʻu): We are happy., It is late.
• Millat va kelib chiqish: They are from Samarkand.

Oʻzbek tilida «U shifokor» gapida feʼl koʻrinmaydi, shuning uchun koʻp oʻquvchilar She a doctor yoki I student deb yozadi. Bu xato! Ingliz gapida har doim feʼl bor: She is a doctor., I am a student.

Yana bir tipik xato: he va she ikkalasi ham oʻzbekchada «u». Erkak uchun he, ayol uchun she, narsa va hayvon uchun it ishlatiladi.

Eslab qoling

1. I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are.
2. Inkor: am/is/are + not; qisqa shakllar isn't, aren't, lekin I'm not.
3. Savolda am/is/are egadan oldin keladi: Are you ready?
4. Yosh, kasb, joy va holat to be bilan aytiladi: I am 12.
5. Ingliz gapida feʼlni tushirib qoldirmang.