Past Simple: oʻtgan zamon

Past Simple qachon ishlatiladi?

Past Simple (oddiy oʻtgan zamon) oʻtmishda boshlanib, tugagan ish-harakat haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi. Koʻpincha vaqt aniq aytiladi: yesterday (kecha), last week (oʻtgan hafta), two days ago (ikki kun oldin), in 2020.

I visited my grandmother yesterday.   — Kecha buvimnikiga bordim.
She watched a film last night.        — U kecha kechqurun film koʻrdi.
We went to Samarkand in June.         — Biz iyunda Samarqandga bordik.
He didn't call me.                    — U menga qoʻngʻiroq qilmadi.
Did you finish your homework?         — Uy vazifangni tugatdingmi?

Toʻgʻri feʼllar: -ed

Odatda +ed:             work → worked, play → played, watch → watched
-e bilan tugasa +d:     live → lived, like → liked, dance → danced
undosh + y → -ied:      study → studied, try → tried   (lekin: play → played)
qisqa feʼl, unli+undosh: stop → stopped, plan → planned

Notoʻgʻri feʼllar

Koʻp ishlatiladigan feʼllarning oʻtgan zamon shakli qoidaga boʻysunmaydi — ularni yodlash kerak:

go → went       have → had       see → saw       come → came
get → got       make → made      eat → ate       drink → drank
buy → bought    take → took      write → wrote   read → read
give → gave     know → knew      say → said      do → did

to be ning oʻtgan zamoni: I/he/she/it was, you/we/they were. I was tired., They were at school.

Inkor va savol: did

Inkor va savolda barcha shaxslar uchun did ishlatiladi, asosiy feʼl esa birinchi shaklda (oʻzgarmagan holda) keladi:

Tasdiq:  She went to the cinema.
Inkor:   She didn't go to the cinema.      (didn't = did not)
Savol:   Did she go to the cinema?         — Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
Wh-:     Where did she go?

to be bilan did ishlatilmaydi: I wasn't at home., Were you tired?

Eng koʻp uchraydigan xato — feʼlni ikki marta oʻtgan zamonga qoʻyish: «I didn't went», «Did you saw?». did allaqachon oʻtgan zamonni bildiradi, shuning uchun feʼl oddiy shaklda qoladi: I didn't go., Did you see?

Oʻzbek tilida «bordim» va «borgan edim» bor, ingliz tilida esa oddiy hikoya uchun Past Simple yetarli: Yesterday I got up, had breakfast and went to work.

Eslab qoling

1. Past Simple — tugagan, oʻtmishdagi ish-harakat: yesterday, last year, ago.
2. Toʻgʻri feʼllar -ed oladi: worked, lived, studied, stopped.
3. Notoʻgʻri feʼllarni yodlang: went, saw, bought, had.
4. Inkor va savolda did + feʼlning birinchi shakli: didn't go, Did you go?
5. was/were — to be ning oʻtgan zamoni, ular bilan did kerak emas.