Subjunctive: I suggest that he be…, if I were…, it's time…

Subjunctive nima?

Subjunctive (istak/talab mayli) — feʼlning real fakt emas, balki talab, taklif, istak yoki xayoliy holatni bildiruvchi shakli. Zamonaviy ingliz tilida u kam, lekin rasmiy matnlarda, qonun va hujjatlarda hamda baʼzi turgʻun iboralarda muhim.

• The committee recommended that he be dismissed. — Qoʻmita uni ishdan boʻshatishni tavsiya qildi.
• It is essential that every student attend the meeting. — Har bir talaba yigʻilishda qatnashishi shart.
• If I were you, I would accept the offer. — Men sizning oʻrningizda boʻlsam, taklifni qabul qilardim.
• It's time we left. — Ketish vaqti boʻldi.
• I'd rather you didn't smoke here. — Bu yerda chekmasangiz yaxshi boʻlardi.

1. Rasmiy (mandative) subjunctive

suggest / recommend / insist / demand / propose / request  + that + ega + V1 (oddiy shakl)
It is essential / vital / important / necessary / crucial  + that + ega + V1

I insist that she leave now.          (leaves EMAS)
They demanded that the law be changed.
It is vital that he not be told.      (inkor: not + V1)

Shakl barcha shaxslarda bir xil: he be, she go, it not be — -s qoʻshilmaydi, do ishlatilmaydi. Britaniya ingliz tilida should bilan variant ham keng tarqalgan: I suggest that he should apply. Ikkalasi ham toʻgʻri; that he applies esa norasmiy Britaniya nutqida uchraydi, lekin C2 yozuvda subjunctive afzal.

2. Were-subjunctive

Xayoliy holatda be feʼli barcha shaxslarda were boʻladi:

If I were rich, …               If he were here, …
I wish she were more patient.
He talks as if he were the boss.
Were I in your position, I would resign.   (if siz inversiya — juda rasmiy)

Norasmiy nutqda If I was… ham eshitiladi, lekin rasmiy yozuvda va If I were you iborasida doim were.

3. It's time / would rather / as if

It's (high/about) time + ega + V2      It's high time you found a job.
It's time + to + V1                    It's time to go.
would rather + boshqa ega + V2          I'd rather you stayed.
would rather + V1 (oʻzi haqida)         I'd rather stay.

Bu yerda V2 oʻtgan zamonni emas, hozirgi/kelajakdagi xayoliy holatni bildiradi.

4. Turgʻun iboralar

God save the King, Long live…, Be that as it may (shunday boʻlsa ham), Come what may (nima boʻlsa ham), if need be (zarur boʻlsa), So be it.

Oʻzbek oʻquvchilari I suggest that he goes yoki It's important that she is on time deb yozadi. C2 rasmiy uslubda: that he go, that she be on time. Shuningdek suggest dan keyin to qoʻymang: I suggest him to go — XATO.

Eslab qoling

1. suggest/insist/demand/recommend that + ega + V1 (-s siz).
2. It is essential/vital that + ega + V1; inkor: not be.
3. Xayoliy holat: were barcha shaxslarda (If I were…, as if he were…).
4. It's time va would rather + boshqa ega → V2.
5. Be that as it may, Come what may, if need be — tayyor iboralar.